Thermal propagation

Dendritic metallic lithium formed when lithium ions are reduced during the charging process of a lithium-ion battery.Note: The form of lithium when it appears on the negative electrode side is not necessarily lithium dendrites; collectively, it's referred to as lithium plating.

The phenomenon where defects within a lithium battery, such as burrs or lithium dendrites, pierce the separator, causing contact between the positive and negative electrodes.

The phenomenon where a chain reaction of exothermic reactions in a battery cell leads to uncontrolled temperature increase in the battery.

The behavior of not using the battery according to the manufacturer/supplier or battery chemistry system's requirements. It may cause harm or adverse effects to humans, the environment, or damage the battery's performance.

The phenomenon where visible substances leak from a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system to the outside of the test object.