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Battery Manufacturing Terminology
The capacity value of a battery's output measured under specified conditions.Note: Discharge capacity is typically expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh).
The capacity value of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system measured under conditions specified by the manufacturer and declared by the manufacturer.Note: Rated capacity is typically expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh).
The remaining capacity of a battery that can be discharged when the battery has been used for a period of time under specified conditions (such as discharge or storage) before continuing to discharge.
The capacity that can be discharged from a battery after it has been fully charged under specified conditions, allowed to stand for a specified time at a specified temperature, then fully recharged, and discharged again.
The capacity released by the internal active material of a battery during discharge divided by the mass of the active material.Note: Specific capacity is typically expressed in milliampere-hours per gram (mAh/g). Sometimes, the calculation of specific capacity includes the mass of all non-active materials, such as conductive additives and binders.
The ratio of a battery's energy to its mass. Also known as "mass energy density."
The ratio of the power output of a battery to its mass. Also known as "power density."
The ratio of the power output of a battery to its volume. Also known as "volume power density."
The ratio between the actual capacity obtained from a battery and the theoretical capacity of the active material it contains, often expressed as a percentage.Note: In most cases, the utilization rate of the active material is different for the positive and negative electrodes.
The ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, between the capacity that can be discharged from a battery after it has been fully charged under specified conditions, allowed to stand for a specified time at a specified temperature, and not recharged, and the nominal capacity of the battery.
State of charge (SOC) refers to the percentage of the actual capacity that can be released under manufacturer-specified discharge conditions in the current battery cell, module, battery pack, or system. Its value ranges from 0 to 1, where SOC=0 indicates the battery is completely discharged, and SOC=1 indicates the battery is fully charged.
The ability of a battery to store electrical energy relative to a new battery.Note: It is expressed as a percentage and quantitatively describes the performance state of the battery during its lifetime, from the beginning to the end of its life.
An appropriate approximate voltage used to identify or characterize a battery or an electrochemical system.
The voltage applied by an external power source across the two terminals of the battery during charging.
The voltage across the positive and negative terminals of the battery during discharge at the operating current.
"Over voltage is a state where the battery voltage exceeds the manufacturer's/supplier's rated values or specified conditions. Over voltage can disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and/or lead to hazardous incidents.Note: When discussing electrodes, it is referred to as overpotential."
