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Battery Manufacturing Terminology
The voltage between the two terminals of the battery during discharge.
The maximum voltage allowed during the normal charging of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
The minimum voltage allowed during the normal discharge of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
The difference in potential between the positive electrode and the negative electrode under a no-load condition.
Refers to the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of a metal-cased battery with respect to the battery's outer shell. Generally, this is determined by the battery manufacturer based on their own manufacturing processes and sets the qualified standards.
The resistance calculated as the ratio of the change in battery voltage over a short period of time to the corresponding discharge current under direct current (DC) operating conditions.Note: DC impedance is typically expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
Refers to the battery's alternating current impedance measured at a specific alternating current frequency, typically the alternating current impedance of the battery at 1 kHz.Note: Alternating current impedance is usually expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
The process in which an external circuit provides electrical energy to the battery, causing chemical changes within the battery, thereby converting electrical energy into chemical energy and storing it.
A charging state in which, under selected conditions, all available active materials do not significantly increase the capacity during charging.
A continuous, long-duration, regulated low-current charging process used to compensate for self-discharge effects and maintain a battery in an approximate state of full charge.Note: Trickle charging is used to offset self-discharge effects to keep the battery in an approximate state of full charge.
The continued charging of a fully charged battery or battery pack.Note: Charging beyond a manufacturer-specified limit is also considered overcharging.
Continuous, long-term, low-current charging of a battery at a constant voltage.
The process in which a battery outputs the electrical energy it generates to an external circuit under specified conditions.Note: During this process, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
The phenomenon where the energy of the battery is lost in ways other than being discharged into an external circuit.
Translation: A physical quantity used to describe the rate of self-discharge of a battery, also known as the "K-value." It is calculated as the difference in open-circuit voltage (OCV) between two tests divided by the time interval between the two voltage tests, expressed as K = (OCV1 - OCV2) / ΔT.
Translation: The process of forced discharge that occurs when a battery is completely discharged. Overdischarge may disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and can even lead to hazardous incidents.
