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Battery Manufacturing Terminology
An appropriate approximate voltage used to identify or characterize a battery or an electrochemical system.
The voltage applied by an external power source across the two terminals of the battery during charging.
The voltage across the positive and negative terminals of the battery during discharge at the operating current.
"Over voltage is a state where the battery voltage exceeds the manufacturer's/supplier's rated values or specified conditions. Over voltage can disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and/or lead to hazardous incidents.Note: When discussing electrodes, it is referred to as overpotential."
The voltage between the two terminals of the battery during discharge.
The maximum voltage allowed during the normal charging of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
The minimum voltage allowed during the normal discharge of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
The difference in potential between the positive electrode and the negative electrode under a no-load condition.
Refers to the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of a metal-cased battery with respect to the battery's outer shell. Generally, this is determined by the battery manufacturer based on their own manufacturing processes and sets the qualified standards.
The resistance calculated as the ratio of the change in battery voltage over a short period of time to the corresponding discharge current under direct current (DC) operating conditions.Note: DC impedance is typically expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
Refers to the battery's alternating current impedance measured at a specific alternating current frequency, typically the alternating current impedance of the battery at 1 kHz.Note: Alternating current impedance is usually expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
The process in which an external circuit provides electrical energy to the battery, causing chemical changes within the battery, thereby converting electrical energy into chemical energy and storing it.
A charging state in which, under selected conditions, all available active materials do not significantly increase the capacity during charging.
A continuous, long-duration, regulated low-current charging process used to compensate for self-discharge effects and maintain a battery in an approximate state of full charge.Note: Trickle charging is used to offset self-discharge effects to keep the battery in an approximate state of full charge.
The continued charging of a fully charged battery or battery pack.Note: Charging beyond a manufacturer-specified limit is also considered overcharging.
Continuous, long-term, low-current charging of a battery at a constant voltage.
